The outer electronic configurations of two transition metals are (i) 3d⁵4s² and (ii) 3d⁶4s² respectively. From this information predict the relative stability of the +2 and +3 oxidation states of these metals. Which of the two exhibits the larger number of oxidation states?
Solution
(i) 3d4s (manganese): M has the half-filled 3d configuration — very stable; M (3d) loses that stability, so +2 ≫ +3 (Mn is strongly oxidising).
(ii) 3d4s (iron): M attains 3d (half-filled, stable) while M is 3d; hence +3 is the more stable state for iron.
Larger range of oxidation states: metal (i), Mn — with 5 unpaired d electrons plus 2 s electrons it shows every state from +2 to +7.
(ii) 3d4s (iron): M attains 3d (half-filled, stable) while M is 3d; hence +3 is the more stable state for iron.
Larger range of oxidation states: metal (i), Mn — with 5 unpaired d electrons plus 2 s electrons it shows every state from +2 to +7.
CBSE Class 12 Board · 2004 · Foreign · Subjective