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CBSE Class 12 · 2006 · All India Compartment · d and f Block ElementsShort Answer

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How is the variability in oxidation states of the transition elements different from that of the non-transition elements? Illustrate with examples.

Solution

Transition elements: oxidation states change in steps of one unit, because (n−1)d and ns electrons are so close in energy that they are lost one after another — e.g. Fe shows +2 and +3; Mn shows +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7.
Non-transition elements: the states normally differ by two units, the ns pair being lost (or kept — inert-pair effect) together — e.g. Sn and Pb show +2 and +4, P shows +3 and +5.

CBSE Class 12 Board · 2006 · All India Compartment · Subjective

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