JEE Main · 2023 · 12 Apr 2023 · Shift 1 · Electrostatics

By Gauss's law the net flux through any closed surface is $\varphi =\frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{{\epsilon }_0}$. A dipole is made of two equal and opposite charges $+q$ and $-q$, so a surface enclosing the whole dipole encloses $Q_{\text{enc}}=+q-q=0$, and the net flux is zero. Thus Assertion A is true. Reason R, that a dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges, is also true, and it is precisely this cancellation of the enclosed charge that makes the flux vanish. Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A.