Wave property of electrons implies that they will show diffraction effects. Davisson and Germer demonstrated this by diffracting electrons from crystals. The law governing the diffraction from a crystal is obtained by requiring that electron waves reflected from the planes of atoms in a crystal interfere constructively (see in figure).
If a strong diffraction peak is observed when electrons are incident at an angle 'i' from the normal to the crystal planes with distance 'd' between them (see figure), de Broglie wavelength λdB of electrons can be calculated by the relationship (n is an integer)
(A)dsini=nλdB
(B)2dcosi=nλdB✓ Correct
(C)2dsini=nλdB
(D)dcosi=nλdB
Answer: (B)
Solution
The electron waves reflected from successive atomic planes interfere constructively when their path difference is a whole number of wavelengths. Here the angle i is measured from the normal to the planes, so the extra path travelled between reflections from two planes a distance d apart is 2dcosi. Setting this equal to an integer number of de Broglie wavelengths gives the diffraction condition 2dcosi=nλdB. This item carries a figure that was not captured with the question; the relation above follows from the stated geometry alone, but the missing diagram should be restored before the question is used.
JEE Main · 2008 · 27 Apr 2008 · Offline · Single correct option